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Campi Flegrei Volcano, Italy
A Landsat satellite view shows the Campi Flegrei caldera north of the Bay of Naples.
The 13-km-wide caldera, immediately west of the city of Naples (upper right), was created following massive explosive eruptions about 34,000 and 12,000 years ago.
Subsequent eruptions formed a large number of craters and pyroclastic cones within the caldera and along its margins.
The most recent eruption created the Monte Nuovo cinder cone in 1538.
Campi Flegrei is a large 13-km-wide caldera on the outskirts of Naples that contains numerous phreatic tuff rings and pyroclastic cones.
The caldera margins are poorly defined and on the south lie beneath the Gulf of Pozzuoli.
Episodes of dramatic uplift and subsidence within the dominantly trachytic caldera have occurred since Roman times.
The earliest known eruptive products are dated 47,000 years before present (BP).
The Campi Flegrei caldera formed following two large explosive eruptions, the massive Campanian ignimbrite about 36,000 years BP, and the >40 cu km Neapolitan Yellow Tuff (NYT) about 15,000 years BP.
Following eruption of the NYT a large number of eruptions have taken place from widely scattered subaerial and submarine vents.
Most activity occurred during three intervals: 15,000-9500, 8600-8200, and 4800-3800 years BP.
Two eruptions have occurred in historical time, one in 1158 at Solfatara and the other in 1538 that formed the Monte Nuovo cinder cone.
PHOTO SOURCE: Satellite image from National Aeronautical and Space Administration (NASA), 1984.
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