Gamkonora Volcano, Indonesia
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Gamkonora Volcano, Indonesia
Gamkonora volcano, seen here from the NW coast near Gamsungi village, is one of Halmahera's more active volcanoes.
The summit crater of Gamkonora is elongated in a N-S direction, with a small crater lake at the north end.
The first two historical eruptions, in 1564 or 1565, and in 1693, were the most severe, producing respectively a destructive lava flow that reached the sea, and a tsunami that inundated villages.
The shifting of eruption centers on Gamkonora, at 1635 m the highest peak of Halmahera, has produced an elongated series of summit craters along a N-S trending rift.
Youthful-looking lava flows originate near the cones of Gunung Alon and Popolojo, south of Gamkonora.
Since its first recorded eruption in the 16th century, Gamkonora has typically produced small-to-moderate explosive eruptions.
Its largest historical eruption, in 1673, was accompanied by tsunamis that inundated villages.
PHOTO SOURCE: A. Solihin, 1984 (Volcanological Survey of Indonesia), courtesy of the Global Volcanism Program, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, used with permission.
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