Towada volcano, Japan
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Towada volcano, Japan
The dramatic 11-km-wide, lake-filled Towada caldera, whose far northern wall is seen here in the distance, was created during a series of major explosive eruptions over a 40,000-year period ending about 13,000 years ago.
The peninsula cutting across the center of the photo is the rim of Nakanoumi caldera, formed by collapse of Goshikiiwa volcano, which was constructed in the SSE corner of Towada caldera.
The rounded Ogura-yama lava dome at the upper right was the source of the latest eruption of Towada in 915 AD.
The dramatic, 11-km-wide, lake-filled Towada caldera formed during as many as six major explosive eruptions over a 40,000-year period ending about 13,000 years ago.
Pre-caldera eruptive activity at Towada dates back to about 2 million years ago and produced basaltic-to-dacitic lava cones.
Following late-Pleistocene andesitic-to-rhyolitic caldera-forming eruptions, the basaltic Ninokura stratovolcano grew in the SSE section of the caldera.
The successive dacitic-to-rhyolitic Goshikiiwa explosive eruptions led to the formation of the roughly 2-km-wide Nakanoumi caldera, whose SW and NE rims form dramatic peninsulas extending into Lake Towada.
The andesitic-to-dacitic Ogura-yama lava dome was built over the NE rim of Nakanoumi.
The latest eruption of Towada took place in 915 AD, when eruptions from Ogura-yama produced widespread ashfalls and pyroclastic flows
PHOTO SOURCE: Photo by Yukio Hayakawa (Gunma University).
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